Ginsenosides yog ib hom glycosylated triterpenoid tej yam ntuj tso khoom muaj nyob rau hauv ginseng Panax. Ginsenosides muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidant, tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv fibrosis thiab tiv thaiv qog. Cov tshuaj pharmacological thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm ginsenosides tawm tsam cov kab mob hauv lub cev tau raug sau tseg txhawm rau muab lub hauv paus theoretical rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev tiv thaiv fibrosis ntawm cov tebchaw.
Lub sij hawm kho mob "fibrosis" yog thawj zaug tau thov nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19. Nws yog ib qho kab mob ntev uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov txawv txav los yog ntau dhau ntawm cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov kab mob sib txuas (ECM) hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov kab mob hauv lub cev thaum lub sij hawm teb rau kev raug mob thiab kho. ECM tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho scaffold uas muab cov ntaub so ntswg ruaj khov, tab sis tseem txhawb nqa kev tswj cov kab mob ib puag ncig kev ruaj ntseg thiab kho qhov txhab los ntawm kev sib txuas ntau yam cytokines thiab kev loj hlob. Qee zaum fibrosis tuaj yeem ua tau zoo; Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov kab mob fibrosis yog teeb meem. Cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias kwv yees li 45 feem pua ntawm cov kab mob tuag muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog fibrosis. Fibrosis cuam tshuam yuav luag txhua yam kabmob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kabmob tseem ceeb xws li daim siab, lub ntsws, lub plawv thiab lub raum. Qee cov kab mob ntev, xws li ntshav qab zib, ntshav siab, kab mob siab viral ntev thiab kab mob siab autoimmune, mob plawv tsis ua haujlwm, cardiomyopathy, kab mob ntsws idiopathic, scleroderma thiab mob qog noj ntshav, muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog fibrosis. Tuam Tshoj yog ib lub teb chaws loj nyob rau hauv kab mob siab, uas yog lub ntsiab ua rau daim siab fibrosis. Lub siab fibrosis yog cov txheej txheem kho qhov txhab rov qab los ntawm kev tswj hwm lub cev, thiab yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob cirrhosis thaum ntxov. Cirrhosis thaum kawg yuav loj hlob mus rau hauv daim siab mob cancer yam tsis tau hloov daim siab. Cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog qhia tau hais tias qhov tshwm sim txhua xyoo ntawm tus kab mob siab B mob ntev mus rau cirrhosis yog 2 feem pua -10 feem pua. Tuam Tshoj tau ntsib teeb meem ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob siab thiab kev kho mob siab, thiab yuav ntsib teeb meem ntawm kev kho mob ntsws pulmonary fibrosis sai sai. Tam sim no, tus kab mob COVID-19 tshwm sim hauv Suav teb tau tswj hwm tau zoo, tab sis kev kho mob rov qab yog qhov teeb meem ceev. Pulmonary fibrosis yog ib qho kev hloov pauv pathological tseem ceeb hauv cov neeg mob nyob rau theem convalescent ntawm COVID-19. Yog tias qhov etiology tuaj yeem raug txiav tawm tau zoo thiab kev cuam tshuam ntxov tau ua tiav, qhov ua tau ntawm fibrosis thim rov qab yog ntau dua. Lub cev fibrosis txo cov neeg mob lub neej zoo thiab ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau tib neeg lub neej thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub meej txog qhov pathogenesis ntawm fibrosis thiab tsim thiab siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv fibrosis zoo.
Fibrosis muaj tsib theem: kev raug mob ntawm lub cev, kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes, ECM kev siv zog, dynamic deposition ntawm connective cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov ntaub so ntswg remodeling. Cov ntaub so ntswg puas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua rau mob fibrosis. Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, cov ntaub so ntswg txawv txav thiab rhuav tshem cov qauv ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv, nws thiaj li ua rau lub cev tsis ua haujlwm thiab tsis ua haujlwm. Ntau thiab ntau cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tsiaj fibrosis qauv tau lees paub tias qee qhov kev puas tsuaj fibrotic yog thim rov qab rau qee kis.
Kev tshawb fawb dav dav tau nthuav tawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj ntawm fibrosis, suav nrog ntau hom ntawm tes, yam tseem ceeb, kev taw qhia cov kab thiab cov noob. Ntawm lawv, ECM deposition, -smooth Muscle Actin (-SMA) qhia, transforminggrowth factor- 1 (transforminggrowth factor- 1), TGF- 1 (TGF- 1) /Smads signaling txoj hauv kev yog ib lub hom phiaj ntawm lub cev fibrosis. Ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem dav dav ntawm fibrosis, txhua lub cev muaj cov lus teb sib txawv rau kev raug mob, suav nrog inhibition ntawm inflammatory teb, inhibition ntawm epithelial tomesenchymal hloov, EMT), txhim kho oxidative kev nyuaj siab teb, inhibit collagen ntau lawm, tswj cytokine qhia thiab lwm yam qhia tshwj xeeb. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm fibrosis. Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo no ua rau muaj kev sib txuam ntawm ECM, uas nws thiaj li hloov thiab rhuav tshem cov qauv ntawm lub cev.
Tam sim no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab fibrosis tsom cov hom phiaj muaj xws li obeticholicacid, FXR agonist, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor / δ, PPAR / δ dual agonist Elafibranor (GFT505), cyclo-Oxygenase (CYcoperoxygenase) thiab TGF- inhibitor clinidone tam sim no. , thiab tseem tsis tau pom zoo tshuaj. Txawm hais tias Fuzheng Huayu capsule tau dhau mus rau theem III kev sim tshuaj hauv Tebchaws Meskas, nws cov khoom siv tsis zoo thiab lub hom phiaj tsis meej tsis tau pom zoo ua cov tshuaj kho mob rau kev tiv thaiv daim siab fibrosis. Tam sim no, tsuas yog pirfenidone (Pirfenidone) thiab Nidanib (Ninte-danib / BIBF1120) tau pom zoo rau kev kho mob hauv kev kho mob idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Lub hom phiaj ntawm pirfenidone yog ua si lub luag hauj lwm los tiv thaiv pulmonary fibrosis los ntawm down-regulating TGF- thiab collagen preexpression. Nidanib yog ib qho me me molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor uas tawm tsam pulmonary fibrosis los ntawm kev thaiv cov kev taw qhia kev koom tes hauv kev loj hlob ntawm pulmonary fibrosis. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob plawv Edaravone txo qis myocardial fibrosis los ntawm kev tswj TGF- 1/ SMad2/3, uas tam sim no yog ib qho kev pom zoo antioxidant thiab dawb radical scavenger. Cov kev sim hauv vitro tau ua pov thawj tias Tranilast muaj qee yam tshuaj tiv thaiv TGF - kev ua haujlwm thiab tuaj yeem txo collagen synthesis ntawm fibroblasts. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv lub raum fibrosis tsom TGF- tau tshaj tawm, tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam txog kev tiv thaiv lub raum fibrosis tam sim no. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nrhiav cov khoom ntuj tsim nrog kev ua haujlwm siab thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom.
Ginseng, uas yog ginseng ntawm tsev neeg acanthopanax, yog ib hom tshuaj suav nrog A keeb kwm ntawm ntau tshaj 4000 xyoo. Ginsenosides yog ib chav kawm ntawm glycosylated triterpenoids pom hauv ginseng. Txog tam sim no, txog 180 ginsenosides tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm 17 hom panax. Nws tseem ceeb heev uas ginsenosides tuaj yeem kuaj pom hauv Brazilian ginseng Pfaffia glomerate (Spreng) Pedersen, amaranth. Raws li cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm ginseng, ginsenosides muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv, suav nrog hypoglycemic, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-platelet, tiv thaiv qog thiab lwm yam. Lub caij no, ginsenosides tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho lub hauv paus paj hlwb, tab sis kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov hlab ntsha, tiv thaiv kab mob plawv thiab tswj kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Lub ntuj ginsenosides tuaj yeem muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no: (1) Oleanolic acid (oleanane pentacyclic triterpenoid ginsenosides): Ginsenoside Ro; (2) Proto-ginsenediol (damarane hom tetracyclic triterpenoid saponins): Ginsenoside Ra1, Ra2, Ra3, Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Rg3, Rh2, Rs1, Rs2, malonylginsenoside Rb1, Rb2, Rs, panax notoginseng R4, Panax quinquinide R1, 20(S) -ginsenoside Rg3, 20(R) -ginsenoside Rh2, 20(S) -ginsenoside Rh2, proto-ginsenediol, thiab lwm yam. (3) Proto-ginsentriol (damarane-type tetracyclic triterpenoid saponins): Ginsenoside Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2, Rh1, Rh3, Rf1, 20-glucoside ginsenoside Rf, 20(R) -ginsenoside Rg2, 20(R) ) -ginsenoside Rh1, notoginseng ginsenoside R1, pseudoginsenoside R11, Rp1, Rt1, Chikusetsusaponin ⅳ thiab ⅳ A, protoginseng triol, thiab lwm yam. Ntau hom ginsenosides muaj cov teebmeem sib txawv.
