Low-calorie natural sweeteners muaj xws li Tagatose, Thaumatin, Fructus Monordicae extract, Stevia extract, thiab lwm yam. Kab lus no tsom rau cov khoom ntawm stevia extract thiab nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv.
Stevioside, tseem hu ua stevia, stevia qab zib, stevioside, yog ib qho qab zib heev, qis-calorie sweetener muab rho tawm los ntawm nplooj thiab stems ntawm tshuaj ntsuab Stevia rebaudiana, ib yam khoom ntuj uas tsis muaj kev phiv rau tib neeg lub cev, thiab muaj tej yam pab kho mob. cuam tshuam rau kev rog, ntshav qab zib, ntshav siab, kab mob plawv, kab mob hniav, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov qab zib ntawm stevioside yog 150-300 npaug ntawm sucrose, thaum nws cov nqi calorific yog li 1/250 ntawm sucrose. Steviol glycosides yog cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.
Tom qab cov qab zib qab zib thiab beet qab zib, stevioside yog qhov thib peb cov piam thaj hloov pauv nrog kev txhim kho tus nqi thiab kev txhawb nqa kev noj qab haus huv, thiab yog lub npe hu ua" thib peb cov suab thaj hauv ntiaj teb". Nrog rau kev txhawj xeeb ntxiv rau kev noj qab haus huv, stevioside tau dav siv los ua cov suab thaj ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam zaub mov thiab muaj kev cia siab rau daim ntawv thov dav heev.
Ⅰ Cov khoom ntawm steviol glycosides
1. Kev nqus dej noo
Stevioside nrog ib tug purity ntawm 80% los yog ntau tshaj yog ib tug dawb siv lead ua los yog hmoov, uas yog tsis heev hygroscopic.
2. Solubility
Thaum sib xyaw nrog sucrose, fructose, qabzib, maltose, thiab lwm yam, tsis tsuas yog saj ntawm steviol glycosides yog purer, tab sis kuj muaj qhov qab zib tuaj yeem sib ntxiv. Cov piam thaj muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov cua sov thiab tsis yooj yim rau lub teeb. Nws yog qhov ruaj khov heev hauv pH ntau ntawm 3-10 thiab tuaj yeem khaws tau yooj yim.
3. Kev ruaj ntseg
Cov tshuaj ruaj khov yog qhov zoo, thiab nws tseem nyob ruaj khov hauv pH ntau yam ntawm cov dej haus thiab cov khoom noj uas muaj cua sov kho. Stevioside tsis hloov pauv ntau thaum khaws cia hauv cov tshuaj organic acid uas muaj sucrose rau ib nrab xyoo; nws tsis decompose nyob rau hauv acid thiab alkaline xov xwm, uas yuav tiv thaiv fermentation, discoloration, thiab nag lossis daus. Nws tuaj yeem txo cov viscosity, inhibit cov kab mob loj hlob, thiab ua kom cov khoom txee lub neej ntev.
4. Qab zib
Stevioside muaj qab zib ntshiab, txias thiab ntev, nrog saj zoo ib yam li cov suab thaj dawb, tab sis 150-300 npaug qab zib dua sucrose. Cov extracted ntshiab Lepodi A qab zib yog 450 lub sij hawm sweeter dua cane qab zib thiab muaj ib tug zoo saj. Qhov kub dissolution ntawm stevia muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lub qab zib thiab saj. Feem ntau, qhov qab zib yog siab thaum yaj ntawm qhov kub tsawg, thiab saj yog qhov zoo, tab sis qhov qab zib yog tsawg thaum yaj ntawm qhov kub siab. Thaum nws yog tov nrog citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, amino acid, thiab lwm yam, nws muaj cov nyhuv ntawm tua cov aftertaste ntawm stevioside, yog li ntawd nws muaj peev xwm ua si ib tug kho nyhuv thaum tov nrog cov saum toj no tshuaj thiab txhim kho cov nyhuv. zoo ntawm stevioside qab zib.
Ⅱ Kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv muaj nuj nqi ntawm steviol glycosides
Stevioside tsis koom nrog physiological thiab biochemical cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tib neeg lub cev, thiab muaj qee qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob, muaj kev nyab xeeb zoo. Nws tau raug pov thawj los ntawm ntau qhov kev sim tshuaj uas stevioside tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tsis yog carcinogenic thiab nyab xeeb rau kev noj, thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov, ntshav qab zib, rog rog, kab mob plawv thiab kab mob hniav los ntawm kev noj tsis tu ncua.
1. Tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib
Stevioside tsis tuaj yeem decomposed thiab zom los ntawm cov enzymes hauv tib neeg lub plab zom mov. Cov tshuaj stevioside nkag mus rau hauv txoj hnyuv los ntawm lub plab thiab cov hnyuv me thiab yog fermented thiab siv los ntawm cov hnyuv microorganisms los tsim cov kab mob luv luv fatty acids. Tus nqi calorific ntawm stevioside yog indirectly generated los ntawm luv- saw fatty acids, uas yog hais txog 6.3 kJ / g. Qhov indigestibility ntawm stevioside tsis ua rau muaj kev nce hauv cov ntshav qabzib concentration tom qab noj thiab tsis txhawb qhov nce ntawm insulin concentration hauv cov ntshav, uas tsim nyog rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib.
2. Tiv thaiv ntshav siab
Stevioside muaj qee yam kev tiv thaiv kev mob ntshav siab, thiab nws tau raug pov thawj tias cov nyhuv ntawm stevioside tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau nws cov nyhuv inhibitory ntawm sab hauv cov calcium ions.
3. tiv thaiv qog
Kev sib xyaw ntawm stevioside tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev tsim cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij hauv cov nas uas tshwm sim los ntawm dimethylbenzanthracene, uas qhia tau hais tias nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv qog nqaij hlav. Cov indigestibility thiab tsis-fermentation ntawm steviol glycosides tuaj yeem txhawb kev saib xyuas ntawm lub plab hnyuv ecology, nce ntim ntawm quav thiab txo cov pH ntawm quav, uas muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cem quav thiab kab mob hauv qhov quav thiab qhov quav. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li qhov ntim ntawm cov quav nce, nws tuaj yeem dilute cov tshuaj lom hauv cov hnyuv, yog li tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob qog noj ntshav.
4. Tswj cov ntshav lipids
Nws tau tshaj tawm tias stevioside tuaj yeem txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov roj cholesterol thiab triglycerides hauv cov ntshav, thiab ua kom cov concentration ntawm cov lipoprotein tsawg (LDL) hauv lub cev txo qis yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov concentration ntawm high-density lipoprotein (HDL), uas ua rau HDL. / LDL ratio nce. Nws tau kwv yees tias yog vim li cas rau qhov txo qis hauv cov roj (cholesterol) hauv cov ntshav yog tias stevioside muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tshem tawm cov kua tsib acids thiab inhibits cov haujlwm ntawm 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A, uas txo cov biosynthesis ntawm cov roj cholesterol hauv daim siab; Kev txo qis hauv triglycerides cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis hauv lipid nqus thiab fatty acid synthesis.
5. Inhibit cov kab mob pathogenic
Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias stevioside tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm bifidobacteria thiab lactobacilli hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab inhibit qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob xws li E. coli. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim yog tias acetic acid thiab lactic acid tsim los ntawm fermentation ntawm steviol glycosides txo cov plab hnyuv pH thiab tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic thiab cov kab mob spoilage hauv txoj hnyuv. Tsis tas li ntawd, luv luv-chain fatty acid tsim los ntawm fermentation kuj inhibits zus tau tej cov kab mob toxins¨.
6. Txhawb nqa kev nqus ntawm cov zaub mov
Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias stevioside tuaj yeem txhawb nqa kev nqus ntawm cov zaub mov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog calcium vim tias fermentability ntawm stevioside txo qis pH tus nqi hauv txoj hnyuv, uas ua rau calcium thiab magnesium ua soluble thiab yooj yim nqus los ntawm lub cev los ntawm cov hlwb epithelial.
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