Tsob nroj preservatives
Cog preservatives feem ntau yog muab los ntawm cov nroj tsuag extracts, xws li tej yam ntuj tso tshuaj ntsuab thiab txuj lom thiab cog yam tseem ceeb roj. Cog rho tawm thiab cov roj yam tseem ceeb tau ntev tau siv los ua zaub mov preservatives, condiments thiab kev npaj kho mob vim lawv cov tsw tshwj xeeb thiab tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.
Cov nroj tsuag rho tawm feem ntau tau los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, stems, nplooj, paj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tawv ntoo thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Qee cov extracts muaj zog saj thiab yuav ua rau hnov tsis xis nyob ntawm siab concentration, yog li muaj qee yam kev txwv rau lawv siv. Kev hloov pauv zoo thiab ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm bioactive phytochemicals hauv cov nroj tsuag rho tawm yuav cuam tshuam rau lawv cov txiaj ntsig. Cov phytohormones no tseem cuam tshuam rau tus lej, saj thiab saj ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov zaub mov. Vim tias nws muaj cov khoom siv phytochemical tshwj xeeb, cov nroj tsuag rho tawm muaj qee yam tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov nroj tsuag tau txais los ntawm tshuaj ntsuab, txuj lom, zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau cov kab mob, cov poov xab thiab pwm. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov nroj tsuag rho tawm tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev loj hlob ntawm cov zaub mov uas muaj kab mob.
Cog Extracts yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv natural antioxidants. Antioxidants yog cov khoom ntxiv uas tuaj yeem ncua lossis tiv thaiv cov zaub mov los ntawm rancidity vim oxidation thiab ua rau lub neej ntev ntawm cov khoom noj. Feem ntau cov nroj tsuag antioxidants qhia kev tiv thaiv zoo ib yam li butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA) thiab butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Ntau yam zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj antioxidants los ntxiv dag zog rau cov zaub mov.
Cov roj tseem ceeb (EO) yog cov kua roj tsw qab thiab tsis muaj kuab lom tau los ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab thiab txuj lom. Nws muaj ntau cov metabolites theem nrab thiab tuaj yeem ncua lossis inhibit qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob, cov poov xab thiab pwm. Hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, cov roj tseem ceeb yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev seasoning. Vim tias cov roj tseem ceeb feem ntau muaj cov cuab yeej ua kom paub tab, muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob, tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis muaj mob, lawv sawv tawm ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov khoom noj.
Tsiaj khaws cia
Tsiaj preservatives xa mus rau bioactive tshuaj nrog antiseptic nyhuv artificially muab rho tawm los ntawm ib co tsiaj los yog lawv cov metabolites. Raws li kev faib ua haujlwm, lawv feem ntau suav nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob enzymes, tshuaj tua kab mob peptides thiab antioxidant peptides.
Enzymes tuaj yeem siv tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm ntau yam sib txawv. Piv txwv li, lysozyme thiab lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob enzymes muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob los ntawm catalyzing decomposition ntawm cell nto polymers los yog cell phab ntsa thiab inducing cov kab mob decomposition; Lactoperoxidase (LPO) thiab lwm lub tshuab peroxidase ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm catalytic oxidation.
Lysozyme yog siv dav hauv kev khaws cia nqaij, khoom noj, ntses thiab nws cov khoom, mis nyuj thiab khoom noj siv mis, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub, thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo laus. Lysozyme tau pom cov kab mob tua kab mob tiv thaiv qee yam kab mob thiab cov kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tiv thaiv kab mob Gram-zoo.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPS) muaj broad-spectrum tshuaj tua kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob, fungi, protozoa thiab qee yam kab mob. Lawv tuaj yeem raug cais tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag, kab, crustaceans, marine kab mob thiab lwm yam kab mob. Tsiaj derived antimicrobial peptides feem ntau yog los ntawm cov tsiaj txhu, amphibians thiab ntses. Qee cov tsiaj muaj peev xwm muab tau cov tshuaj tua kab mob xws li lactoferrin, protamine thiab chitosan. Lactoferrin muaj peev xwm khi hlau thiab cov khoom siv polycationic, yog li nws muaj cov kab mob tua kab mob. Nws tsuas yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov mis nyuj thiab lwm yam tsiaj secretions; Protamine yog cationic antibacterial peptide, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev tsim cov phab ntsa ntawm tes, yog li inhibit cell metabolism thiab ua rau cell tuag. Nws muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob thiab pwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tiv thaiv kab mob Gram-zoo; Chitosan feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv exoskeleton ntawm crustaceans thiab arthropods. Nws muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob, fungi thiab kab mob.
Preservatives rau cov kab mob thiab lawv cov metabolites
Ntau lub tebchaw tsim los ntawm cov kab mob tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob spoilage lossis cov kab mob pathogenic hauv cov zaub mov. Cov zaub mov qib microorganisms tuaj yeem tsim muaj ntau yam tshuaj los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm lwm cov kab mob, thiaj li ua tiav qhov sib npaug ntawm cov kab mob microbial ecosystem.
Cov kab mob Lactic acid (Lab) hauv cov kab mob muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob microbial thiab yog cov neeg sib tw zoo. Hauv kev tsim cov khoom noj fermented, cov kab mob lactic acid yog siv los txhim kho cov saj, tsw thiab kev ntxhib los mos ntawm cov zaub mov, thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic yam tsis muaj kev phom sij. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv lub chaw kuaj mob feem ntau suav nrog bacteriocin, organic acid, hydrogen peroxide, carbon dioxide thiab diacetyl. Bacteriocin yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob los yog tshuaj lom neeg ua ke los ntawm kev sim thiab lwm yam kab mob. Nws muaj cov kab mob zoo los yog cov kab mob bacteriostatic rau cov khoom noj uas muaj kab mob xws li Staphylococcus aureus.
Tsis tas li ntawd, bacteriocin tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob los txhim kho cov kab mob inactivation. Bacteriocin tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev ntim khoom bioactive. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau cog lus tias yuav ntxiv cov kab mob bacteriocin rau cov zaub mov ntim zaj duab xis los tswj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob zaub mov. Antibacterial ntim zaj duab xis yog los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov khoom noj los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov khoom ntim nrog cov khoom noj.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj ntsuab uas twb muaj lawm, tsiaj txhu lossis microbial additives, muaj cov khoom noj tshiab tshiab kom pom. Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev nyab xeeb, txhim khu kev qha, tsis tshua muaj nqi thiab zoo natural preservatives tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug tseem ceeb kev tshawb fawb kev taw qhia rau kev loj hlob ntawm Food Science nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, tab sis kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntsuas los txhim kho efficiency thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm zaub mov kev lag luam.
